Papilloma virus (HPV) – is the common name for a group of viruses, provoking various diseases. It is known more than 100 types. The pathogen is widespread throughout the world. To prevent infection, it is important to know how the virus is transmitted hpv.
What is HPV infection?
HPV infection – is a group of viral diseases, provoke the virus papilloma. At the present time been studied and described more than 100 types of the virus. Scientists have long studied the morphology of the pathogen, which allowed to determine what types of viruses what diseases they cause. Self was assigned to the group of HPV high-risk Onco.
Due to the fact that HPV primarily affects sexually active the system, considerable attention to the study of the problem of dedicated gynecologists. Narrative about what is HPV in obstetrics, it should be noted the high risk of development of oncology cervical cancer. Experts have found that this virus, more precisely the 16-th and 18-th its types provoke the development of cancer processes in the female reproductive system.
HPV – modes of transmission and infection
Virus papilloma is known for its resistance to the action of environmental factors, so for a long time can keep the activity in the external environment. It explains the ability of a pathogen to a wide range. However, transmission of HPV by airborne droplets, that happens. Narrative about how the virus is transmitted papilloma from person to person the doctors pointed to the mandatory availability of direct contact with the skin and slimy membranes of a carrier of the virus.
Ways of transmission of HPV are diverse:
- sex;
- contact-home;
- vertically.
The most common way of transmission of HPV
First heard about this type of pathogen, patients often are interested in the doctor: is passed, whether the virus hpv through sexual contact. Doctors say that this method is the most common. According to statistics, about 70% of the people who lead an active sexual life, are carriers of the virus papilloma. In this assault can occur repeatedly throughout life.
Most men and women are infected with HPV are already after a few months of starting an active sexual life. It is worth noting that often the HPV belongs to infections transmitted sexually, however, infection is possible, and sex without penetration. Contact with the genitals of a carrier of the virus can lead to infection.
Doctors are called, and the following are the ways of contracting HPV:
- when the kiss;
- during oral sex.
HPV – modes of infection in the home
Some infectious diseases shall be issued by the domestic mode of transmission of HPV. The percentage spread of the virus in this way is small, however, you cannot completely exclude this possibility. The Virus some time can keep the activity, hitting the pool, the steam bath, so infection is possible and in the common areas.
Assault in the home occurs when kissing, use of means of personal hygiene of the affected HPV. In such cases, increase the risk of infection:
- the weakening of the immunity;
- violation of the rules of personal hygiene.
The risk of contracting HPV
The probability of HPV infection dramatically increases with the commencement of sexual life. This method of transmission is considered to be the main. The experts identify several factors, the presence of which is several times increases the risk of infection:
- an early start of sexual life;
- frequent changing of sexual partners;
- the neglect of contraception.
Separately should be said about the possibility of infection in childhood. In most cases HPV to pass on to the baby from the mother during childbirth. When promoting the generic way is happening injection child. Children are easier to tolerate the infection for them is that it practically does not occur. In addition, due to the high along with mother's milk ready-made antibodies, occurred spontaneously to a cure.
How does HPV infection?
Infection with HPV occurs by direct contact of the mucous membrane, the skin of the genitals. During intercourse often arise hair cracks and damage to the mucous membrane, which only increases the risk of contracting HPV. In this case, there are some differences in the mechanisms of transmission of the virus in women and men.
How the virus is transmitted hpv in men?
The probability of HPV infection in men directly dependent on the number of permanent sexual partners. Frequent promiscuous sexual connection several times increase the likelihood of infection. While the man in most cases has no idea about the presence of HPV virus in the body. Due to the spread of the virus is going away. In 90% of cases of sexual intercourse is going on injection partner, which before was perfectly healthy.
How to carry a woman papilloma virus?
The way of contracting HPV in women differ from those which are characteristic for men. In the first place is sexual. But the risk of infection in women increasing and some of the factors.
Among such gynecologists allocate:
- an early start of sexual life;
- frequent changing of sexual partners;
- abortion;
- traumatic birth history;
- gynecological diseases;
- stress;
- long-term use of oral contraceptives.
Reports whether the child papilloma virus?
He knew about the presence of HPV in the body, are women who are planning pregnancy in the near future, wonder why that is transmitted whether the papilloma virus from mother to child. Experts say that the risk of infection of the child exists. However, in children is rarely celebrated HPV, ways the disease is different from that in adults. Transmission of infection occurs more often in the stage of promotion of the fetus at the general cases: the virus of the mucous membranes of the mother passes to the child.
It is worth noting that the danger of such infection is low. In most cases, the body of a child can get rid of HPV during the first 2-3 months of life. This is due to the high infant body antibodies along with mother's milk. The main danger of the HPV to children is the damage to the respiratory tract – the formation of polyps. Similar cases occur rarely and are regarded rather as exceptions.
HPV – through what is manifested after infection?
Learning about how the virus is transmitted hpv, many patients are interested in the time of manifestation of first symptoms. Doctors cannot clearly say, how fast is manifested after infection with HPV.
Determining significance have the following factors:
- the age of the patient;
- the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body;
- the state of the immune system.
In practice, a few clinical manifestations of HPV vary. The emergence of warts, changes in the affected cells can be observed how after a few weeks and after months. In some cases, the first lesions on the skin in the groin area and genitals were discovered a year later after penetration of the virus of papilloma in the body. To determine the exact time of the fall of the HPV in the body can be on the basis of the carried out laboratory studies.
Signs of HPV infection
Symptoms of HPV infection are manifested by damage to the genitals. In most cases the virus causes characteristic skin defeat. Patients depict the emergence of the vulgar papillomas and genital warts. Outwardly the date of the growths resemble a cauliflower, so confusion with other cutaneous manifestations of hard.
In women papillary growths pale pink color localized:
- in the area of the labia minora;
- in the groin;
- on the clitoris;
- in the vicinity of the outer opening of the urethra;
- on the eve of the vagina.
In some cases, warts arise in the area of the anus, if the woman practicing anal sex. Strong overgrowth of these structures leads to the appearance of the bloody discharge, pain sensations during sexual intercourse. In men of similar education localized in the area of the mons pubis, the perineum, less often – on the surface of the penis.
Vaccination against HPV after infection
Even those who knows, how the virus is transmitted hpv, do not always manage to avoid infection. After the weird treatment to exclude re-infection of HPV, it shall notify the development of relapse, doctors carried out the vaccination against the virus papilloma. Vaccination warn development of a viral infection for 15 years and more.